Adam and Eve - Short Essay free essay sample

The History of Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of Love - Essay Example The epic has two principle characters who likewise go about as storytellers of their particular areas. The main storyteller is Leo Gursky, a 80year old Polish worker in New York. We are first acquainted with Leo Gursky when he accepts his life is reaching a conclusion, living alone in a little condo in Manhattan â€Å"I regularly wonder who will be the last individual to see me alive. In the event that I needed to wager, I’d wager on the conveyance kid from the Chinese takeout. I request in four evenings out of seven. At whatever point he comes, I make a major creation of finding my wallet. He remains in the entryway holding the oily sack while I wonder if this is the night I’ll polish off my spring move, move into bed, and have a coronary episode in my sleep†(Krauss 3). He is terrified of biting the dust on a day when no one has seen him and says and accepts he needs to convince himself of his reality by making himself recognizable. This drives him to gently con sideration looking for conduct like making an unsettling influence by dropping his adjustment in a shop or taking a stab at shoes that he doesn't expect to purchase. Gursky goes for a man without a lot of an actual existence, yet we later discover that he was at one time a man wealthy in craftsmanship and love. He was once infatuated with a lady got back to Alma in Poland, yet because of the disorder and catastrophe of war while advancing toward America, he is isolated from his genuine affection Alma who winds up wedding another person. Leo’s workmanship is showed when we are recounted a novel he wrote in Poland, The History of Love, however endowed it to his companion Zvi Litvinoff who later revealed to him that it was lost. The subsequent character is Alma Singer a multi year old young lady living with her bereft mother, Charlotte and her sibling. We later discover that Alma was named after the courageous woman of a book her dad, David artist adored and that Leo Gursky†™s book was not lost all things considered yet it was distributed in Spanish in Chile and that’s how it wound up in the hands of David artist Charlottes’ spouse. Alma’s mother is deciphering a novel called The History of adoration she was given by her better half from Spanish to English. Krauss’s tale fixates on the book that was composed by Leo in Yiddish, in which all the young ladies are named after his adoration Alma. As per Gursky, simply a similar way Eve was the principal lady in the book of scriptures is a similar way Alma will be the main young lady (Krauss 38). As Alma grows up, she is resolved to locate the genuine Alma whom she was named after. Her criminologist work prodded after a puzzling outsider sends her mum a letter mentioning her to decipher the Spanish adaptation of â€Å"the history of love† into English. She decides to bring back her mom into adoring again and concludes that the puzzling more peculiar who authorized the int erpretation of the historical backdrop of adoration into English may be an affection enthusiasm for her mom and she does sets to discover who the outsider could be. As the novel advances, we begin to get entries from Gursky's epic spread out inside the Krauss’s epic. Krauss can interface the two degrees of fiction - the novel inside and the novel without. Gursky’s tone is a frustrated, dry voice while Alma's tone is increasingly connected with and credulous with the vast majority of her undertaking composed as a satire. In the youthful Alma's story we locate a beguiling young lady rising into adulthood

Mergers and Acquisitions A Complete Guide

Mergers and Acquisitions A Complete Guide Mergers and Acquisitions are part of strategic management of any business. It involves consolidation of two businesses with an aim to increase market share, profits and influence in the industry. Mergers and Acquisitions are complex processes which require preparing, analysis and deliberation. There are a lot of parties who might be affected by a merger or an acquisition, like government agencies, workers and managers. Before a deal is finalized all party needs to be taken into consideration, and their concerns should be addressed, so that any possible hurdles can be avoided. © Shutterstock.com | max sattanaIn this article, we look at 1) an introduction to MA, 2) motives for MA, 3) transaction characteristics, and 4) regulations and other hurdles.INTRODUCTION TO MERGERS ACQUISITIONS‘Mergers and Acquisitions’ is a technical term used to define the consolidation of companies. When two companies are combined to form a single unit, it is known as merger, while an acquisition refers to the purchase of company by another one, which means that no new company is formed, but one company has been absorbed into another. Mergers and Acquisitions are important component of strategic management, which comes under corporate finance. The subject deals with buying, selling, dividing and combining various companies. It is a type of restructuring, with the aim to grow rapidly, increase profitability and capture a greater proportion of a market share.Parties in an acquisition:The Target Company is the company that is being acquired.The Acquirer company is the company t hat is acquiring the target.Mergers can be divided into three types:Horizontal merger: It happens when both companies are in the same line of business, which means they are usually competitors. Example: Disney bought LucasFilm. Both companies were involved in production of film, TV shows.Vertical merger: This happens when two companies are in the same line of production, but stage of production is different. Example: Microsoft bought Nokia to support its software and provide hardware necessary for the smartphone.Conglomerate merger: This happens when the two companies are in totally different line of business. Example, Berkshire Hathaway acquired Lubrizol. This kind of merger mostly takes place in order to diversify and spread the risks, in case the current business stops yielding adequate profits.Introduction to MA The main difference between a merger and an acquisition is that a merger is a form of legal consolidation of two companies, which are formed into a single entity, while an acquisition happens when one company is absorbed by another company, which means that the company that is purchasing the other company continues to exist. In the recent years, the distinction between the two has become more and more blurred, as companies have started doing joint ventures. Sometimes acquirer wants to keep the name of the acquired company, as it has goodwill value attached to it. Mergers and acquisitions are complex area of a company long-term strategy. The process takes a long time, at times, even years. It involves number of parties and stakeholders:The two companies which are being merged or coordinating to venture are the main stakeholders, since any changes in the structure of the company is likely impact both companies.Employees will also be affected, since they are an integral part of the companies. At times, during a merger or acquisition employees have to be laid off.The government agencies play a decisive role in any merger or acquisition, as they want to make sure that the MA does not create a monopoly or impinge on the rights of general public. Any merger of acquisition must not be a hurdle to competitive environment in the industry.Pressure Groups would be interested in the impact the merger or acquisition would have on the environment, worker welfare, consumer welfare and overall social impact the collusion. Some companies manufacture product/se rvices that are controversial, hence detested by some people. Firms must find a way to deal with possible hostility from these people.Competitors would be interested in a possible merger or acquisition between two companies in the industry, since a collusion could threaten to take away their market share as the combined company would be more powerful, financially and strategically.Financial institutions also have a stake in possible merger or acquisition, since the companies involved might have outstanding debt. Alternatively, a company involved in a post-merger or an acquisition might want to borrow more money, so that the financial institutions would have to evaluate the companys financial standing and ability to repay it later. The Mergers and Acquisitions Process MOTIVES FOR MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONSSynergyFrom the strategic point of view the main motive behind a merger or acquisition is to improve the company’s performance for its shareholders through synergy, which is a concept that states that the value and performance of two companies combined will be greater than the sum of the separate individual parts. Two businesses can combine to form one company which can generate more revenues that could be done if they worked independently. This is why potential synergy from merger and acquisition is evaluated before the decision is made.GrowthMergers or acquisitions can exponentially increase the growth of the company, as it has more resources at its disposal. When two companies combine their expertise, assets and market share are also combined, which leads to more opportunity in the market for growth. The market share which was previously shared by two companies will now exclusively belong to one company. Th e increased market power is likely to generate more opportunities for sales, revenue, and profitability.Acquiring Unique CapabilitiesSometimes, mergers and acquisitions take place in order to acquire unique capabilities or resources, which could prove paradigm-shifting for the company. This would include patents and licenses, which the acquiring company will gain access to once the merger is completed. A patent, license or certain technology could make a lot difference for the company, which could help it substantially increase sales and profits, since it might create a natural monopoly situation for the new company. When two different companies combine, it could also result in unlocking hidden value, which becomes apparent as resources and experiences combined bring innovation and efficiency.Exploiting the MarketMarket systems in most economies are not perfect, which means there is room for companies to exploit these imperfections to their own advantage. Taking over another company or merger could facilitate a monopoly-like situation, which would give the company an edge over its competitors. Alternately, a merger could be done with a motive to control the supply of certain raw materials which will give the company an undue advantage over other companies.As an Answer to Government PoliciesMergers and acquisitions also take place in order to cope with adverse government policies, which may require a certain size of a firm to exist. Some governments offer tax breaks and other incentives to large corporations, which encourage mergers as more profit can be made as tax liability is lower. In order to deal with government pressure to survival within an industry, companies mergers and acquisitions have greater leverage to influence government policies.Transfer of TechnologyAnother popular reason for mergers and acquisitions is transfer of technology, especially for highly specialized companies with unique technologies. Companies buy other companies in an attempt to acquire a certain technology which is patented or unique. Subsequently, these technologies are used to make better products/services, hence greater market share and profits.To Handle Large ClientsMergers and acquisitions, especially in the service industry, also take place in order to follow big clients. There are a lot of examples of such MA activity happening for law firms, since sometimes the clients are so big, it forces firms to merge in order to serve them better. The merged firms have more resources and expertise to handle powerful clients. It also gives companies a way to bootstrap earning, hence better performance at the stock exchange for listed companies.DiversificationMergers and acquisitions allow companies to diversify into other areas of business, hence it spreads risks and present opportunity for more sales, profits and recognition in the market. For example, if clothing store merges with a textile company, it would help both companies, since they would be able to ke ep a greater margin of profit. Diversification can also take place in a totally different industry altogether. For example, if a restaurant chain store acquires a clothing store, it would have reduced its risks, since even if people stop eating out, hypothetically speaking, they could still make money from the clothing store, and other way.Personal IncentivesIn some rare cases, a merger or an acquisition is initialised due to managers personal incentives in form of higher salary, benefits etc., and has nothing to do with strategic planning.TRANSACTION CHARACTERISTICSThere are several methods of payment for an MA activity described below.Stock Purchase: This transaction requires acquirer to provide cash, stock, or combination of cash and stock in exchange for the shares of the company being acquired. This requires shareholders’ approval, since shares can’t be bought without their consent. Any gain made by the shareholders on their capital is taxed by the government.Asset Purchase : This requires acquirer to buy all the target firm’s assets. The payment in made directly to the firm. This kind of transaction may not require shareholders’ approval/permission. Acquirer, in most cases, won’t assume the responsibility for firm’s liabilities, which would mean that the firm being acquired would have to settle the debt on its own.Cash Offering: This kind of transaction simply requires payment in cash.Security Offering: In this case, shareholders are given shares of common stock, preferred stock, or in some cases debt of the acquirer. The exchange ratio is calculated bases on number of securities in exchange for a share of target stock.Factors influencing method of paymentThere are various factors that need to be considered before method of payment is decided. The risk is usually shared among acquirer and target shareholders in a certain ratio. The ratio is decided based on financial standing of each company. Moreover, signaling by the acquiring firm is also i mportant; they are in a much stronger position to dictate terms. Balance sheet and other financial documents are an immense help in ascertaining the capital structure of the acquiring firm, which becomes an important consideration when it comes to method of payment.Another important consideration includes the financial leverage the acquirer enjoys. If the company is highly leveraged, more debt wouldn’t be recommended, and liability if the target company will not be assumed.Attitude of ManagementFrom the perspective of the board of directors of the target companies, the merger can be classified into two broad categories:A friendly merger: This happens when the ‘board of directors’ agree, negotiate and finally accept an offer.A hostile merger: This happens when the ‘board of directors’ attempt to prevent the merger.In case of a hostile takeover, takeover defenses are used, with the intention to either prevent the transaction or increase the bid. Directors may trigger pre-off er mechanism, which makes the target company seem less attractive. This prevents the acquiring firm from making a decent offer. Alternatively, directors may try post-offer mechanism, which include addressing ownership of shares, hence reducing acquirer’s power gained from its ownership.REGULATIONS AND OTHER HURDLESLegal Due DiligenceIt is an important exercise of an MA transaction and helps both parties identify any legal risks associated with the merger. Due diligence also provides an opportunity to minimize those risks. At the initial stage, all corporate documents are thoroughly reviewed which include Articles of Association. It also covers aspects relating to registrations of company’s employees with the regulatory authorities. The second phase includes reviewing details related to company’s shareholders, financial liabilities, contractual rights and obligations.There are several regulatory considerations when performing MA. In some cases, there is a need to obtain specifi c approvals from an MA transaction from government regulatory bodies, especially when the company is part of core economic activities of the country like banking, insurance, electricity or water supply. Some areas of economy require licenses and NOCs to collude. Additionally, government agencies exist that ensure industries stay competitive. MA transactions usually present a possibility of collusion between firms, in order to raise price and create a monopoly situation. This situation generated extraordinary profits for the company, but exploits consumers, since they don’t have a choice and end up purchasing the goods at a higher price. Competition commissions exist on order to make sure that markets stay competitive. Some countries have foreign capital investment laws, which prevent foreign companies from investing locally or set a certain investment limit. There are no ways around these hurdles, which means that MA transaction cannot be executed and finished.As the firm grows in size after MA transaction, a different set of tax brackets may be applicable. This needs to be takes into considerations since it could adversely impact company’s profits. Such a development will be irksome to shareholders and other stakeholders.Labor LawsSome countries have stringent labor laws, which need to be taken into account before MA transaction take place. Big firms find themselves in spotlight when it comes to labor laws. The acquirer needs to understand how the labor laws are going to impact the company once the merger is complete. Moreover, the politics of labor unions also needs to be understood and reconciled with. Sometimes, the employees are not happy with the proposed merger, which could threaten to disrupt the operations of the company.It must also be made sure that labor is not exploited under the new administration, which can be done by paying a fair wage, providing safe working condition and health insurance.

Jane Eyre - 1735 Words

Activity worksheets LEVEL 5 PENGUIN READERS Teacher Support Programme Jane Eyre While reading Chapters 1–5 1 What happened first? Put the sentences in order and number them, 1–10. a c Jane faints and wakes up in her bed. b c John Reed throws a book at Jane. c c Mrs Reed tells Mr Brocklehurst that Jane is a bad child. d c Jane is frightened while in the red room. e c Jane says goodbye to Bessie. f c Jane reads a book full of pictures. g c Jane talks to Mr Lloyd. h c Jane fights while she is taken away by Abbot and Bessie. i c Jane meets Mr Brocklehurst. j c Mr Lloyd persuades Mrs Reed to let Jane go to school. 2 Are these sentences are true (T) or false (F)? Correct the ones that are†¦show more content†¦a Why did Mr Rochester marry Bertha Mason? b Who knew that Mr Rochester kept his wife at Thornfield? c How did Mason find out that Mr Rochester was going to marry Jane? 14 Complete the sentences. a Jane loses all her possessions because †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . b She says her name is Jane Elliott because †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . c She tells Hannah she was wrong to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . d The Rivers family are poor because †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . e St John Rivers finds work for Jane at †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . Chapters 35–44 15 Complete these sentences. a He discovers Jane’s real name because †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . b Although he does not know Mr Rochester he thinks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . c Jane surprises St John Rivers because she is happier †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . d She tells him to write to Diana and Mary because she †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . e She agrees to go on teaching at the school until †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . c Pearson Education Limited 2008 Jane Eyre - Activity worksheets 2 of 2 Progress test LEVEL 5 PENGUIN READERS Teacher Support Programme Jane Eyre Chapters 1–5 1 Underline the correct words. a Jane hides from the Reed children behind a bookshelf / curtain. b Abbot / Bessie thinks that Jane always lies. c Mr Lloyd usually treats Mrs Reed’s children / servants. d Mr Brocklehurst gives Jane a book about a good / bad girl. e The journey to Lowood takes almost all day / morning. Photocopiable d JaneShow MoreRelatedJane Eyre 780 Words   |  4 PagesJane Eyre Theme Essay (rough draft) Independence, the capacity to manage ones own affairs, make one’s own judgments, and provide for one’s self. Jane Eyre herself is a very independent woman. Throughout her life she has depended on very few people for very little. Charlotte Brontà « wants the reader to learn that independence can open many doors of possibilities. Jane in her younger years was practically shunned by everyone and was shown very little love and compassion, from this throughoutRead MoreJane, By Jane Eyre Essay2110 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout the first section of the novel, we are constantly reminded of the barriers in which Jane is suppressed by. Through this figurative element we can come to terms with the development of the character of Jane Eyre. Jane is an intelligent, honest, plain-featured young girl forced to contend with oppression, inequality, and hardship. Although she meets with a series of individuals who threaten her autonomy, Jane repeatedly succeeds at asserting herself and maintains her principles of justice, humanRead MoreJane Eyre2409 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre emerges with a unique voice in the Victorian period for the work posits itself as a sentimental novel; however, it deliberately becomes unable to fulfill the genre, and then, it creates an altogether divergent novel that demonstrates its superiority by adding depth of structure in narration and character portrayal. Joan D. Peters’ essay, Finding a Voice: Towards a Woman’s Discourse of Dialogue in the Narration of Jane Eyre positions Gerard Genette’s theory of convergenceRead MoreOppression In Jane Eyre1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impression of Oppression in Jane Eyre Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà « depicts the rigid social structure and clear division between the upper and lower classes of Victorian society, in which wealth and status determined one’s beliefs, career, and treatment from those surrounding them. Those of the upper class did not typically converse or involve themselves with those viewed as beneath them; however, Jane Eyre fights the separation between the classes to which she has fallen victim at both GatesheadRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre1317 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre After reading Jane Eyre, I think Jane Eyre is a great woman. Jane is disadvantaged in many ways as she has no wealth, family, social position or beauty. Jane does have intelligence though, and her disposition is such to make Rochester fall in love with her. Through a serious of troublesome situations between Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester, the author set up a great female image before us: insisting on maintaining an independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocatingRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre1423 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre Jay Sheldon Feminism has been a prominent and controversial topic in writings for the past two centuries. With novels such as Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, or even William Shakespeares Macbeth the fascination over this subject by authors is evident. In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre the main character, Jane Eyre, explores the depth at which women may act in society and finds her own boundaries in Victorian England. As well, along with the notions of feminism oftenRead MoreJane Eyre: Sympathy for Jane Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesHow does Brontà « create sympathy for the character of Jane in her novel, ‘Jane Eyre’? In the novel, ‘Jane Eyre’ Charlotte Brontà « focuses on the life of Jane, an unwanted orphan who can’t do anything right in the eyes of her aunt. When she is about nine she is sent to Lowood Institute where she is also treated as inferior by Mr Brocklehurst. Although Jane is treated so cruelly and unfairly all her life she proves everyone wrong in the end by making something of herself. There areRead MoreFeminism In Jane Eyre1729 Words   |  7 Pagescentral themes in many amazing works of literature. This concept represents feminine independence and self-esteem in a male-dominated society. One of the famous authors who convey this idea is Charlotte Brontà « especially in her best-selling novel Jane Eyre in which she discusses the social background of the Victorian society and its effect on women. What society teaches women is not always right; it is up to women to rely on their moral senses to take the proper path for their actions. During the VictorianRead More Jane Eyre Essay2400 Words   |  10 PagesJane Eyre       Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre can be linked to many fairy-tales. Some of these tales such as Charle’s Perrault’s Bluebeard, Arabian Nights, and many more are actually cited in the text. Others are alluded to through the events that take place in the story. Jane Eyre has often been viewed as a Cinderellatale for example. There is also another story, however, that though not mentioned directly, can definitely be linked to Bronte’s novel. This tale is none other than Beauty and theRead More Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - The Victories of Jane Eyre Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesVictories of Jane Eyrenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; All people live by their own codes of conduct. Everyone, be they male or female, young or old, has their own sets of values, which they adhere to and which are unchanging even in the face of personal or societal pressures and conflicts to give them up. In Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, Jane is tempted many times to acquiesce to others wishes and, thereby, give up her own moral standards and beliefs. Yet Jane remains steadfast

Corporal Punishment The Latin Corpus Meaning Body

Corporal is from the Latin corpus meaning body. Thus, corporal punishment involves physical punishment. In current times, we have usually used the word corporal punishment as it relates to punishment in a school setting often in the form of spankings or paddling a student who is found to have violated some rule. Historically, corporal punishment was used to punish people who were found to have committed various minor crimes. Throughout history there have been many ways devised to inflict pain or other physical harm, including death, on someone who was convicted of or believed to have committed anything from minor crimes to more serious crimes. These punishments include the gallows, stocks, pillories, ducking stools, branks, flogging,†¦show more content†¦The operator then lowered the chair into the water causing the offender to be submerged under the water. The length of time an offender was submerged would depend on the severity of the crime they were accused of. (Alchin) The brank was a cage like device that would enclose the head of the offender. Some branks had protrusions on the inside of the cage that would be put in the wearer’s mouth. This protrusion would cause pain when the wearer tried to speak. The brank was often used as a punishment for gossiping. (Sierra.) Flogging is simply beating someone, usually across the back, with an object. The object could be a stick, strap or other whip. The Whipping Act of 1530 prescribed flogging in England for minor crimes such as stealing or poaching. (Abbott, 2010) Branding is using a hot iron to burn the skin of the offender to cause scarring. Branding was used as a punishment for any number of crimes. Often the brand would be done in the shape of a particular letter that would indicate the crime committed. So a thief might have the letter â€Å"T†, an adulterer the letter â€Å"A†, or blasphemers the letter â€Å"B†. (Seiter, 2014) The gibbet often took the form of a body length cage that an offender was put into. The cage was then hung in public. Sometimes a person was put into the cage alive where they ultimately died due to starvation. Other times the person was killed in another manner and then the body was putShow MoreRelatedWhat is The Problem with the US Correctional Systems1927 Words   |  8 PagesAct of 1851. On February 1872, capital punishment was integrated into the California Penal Code. Explaining the historical development of capital and corporal punishment, including the methods of punishment used over the years and the Latin roots of capita and corpus. There are four primary United States constitutional amendments which safeguard inmates’ rights and how these amendments protect prisoners or inmates. The goals of rehabilitation and punishment, as well as probation and parole, and areasRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATIO N CHIVAS GOCELA DULGUIME, R.C I. INTRODUCTION PENOLOGY - the study of punishment of crime. - a branch of Criminology dealing with prison management, and the deterrence and reformatory treatment of criminals. SOURCES OF THE TERM PENOLOGY: a. Peno was derived from Greek word â€Å"piono† and from the Latin word â€Å"poena†, both terms mean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology deals with the various

Smileys people, spy game Free Essays

â€Å"In the world of espionage the value of trust Is paramount† represents a valid statement to an extent. The characters values and Ideologies are a reflection of the context of which they live. The novel Smiley people by John Lee Care, the movie Spy Game, directed by Tony Scott and the Interview Kim Billy’s great betrayal presented by Phillip Adams represent this statement through different portrayals of the world of espionage. We will write a custom essay sample on Smileys people, spy game or any similar topic only for you Order Now These three texts exhibit a power struggle between communist and western democratic societies, both very different political ideologies. The world of espionage is fraught with manipulation, betrayal and deceit and aiming to achieve the â€Å"greater good†. It is a world where its inhabitants will do anything – even if it means performing acts that are seen criminal by mainstream society – Just to complete a mission. It Is a world where information is gold and an important document Is worth more than a persons life. Trust sustains a relationship In the spy world, a relationship that allows communication and control of knowledge and power. The spy world demonstrates a context where trust Is a value, not valued by all who inhabit this world. For spies that â€Å"play the spy game† they have to have trust in those that control their missions and must have trust in themselves, to be able to get the job done. But for others such as defectors and double agents trust is tool used to get information and used to manipulate and gain power over the opposing side. A clash between the personal and the professional values is seen in Tony Scoots Spy Game, through the character of Tom Bishop. It is shown in the scene where Bishop must bring Schmidt across the border from east to west Germany. When Bishop and Schmidt realism that they will get killed if they attempt to cross the border, Schmidt pleads with Bishop to take him â€Å"But my wife, my kids†. When Schmidt says this we can see Bishops realization that Schmidt Is human and not just an expendable pawn, or an asset. This clash between the personal and professional values of Bishop challenges his moral outlook on life. However in order to stay alive and protect himself he must leave Schmidt, whys trust he has manipulated for use of his own organization and his own professional gain. Whilst having to trust someone who may be doing the same thing to him. The context has had an effect on the values of Bishop, his values compromised by the situation he has been placed in. The choice to leave Schmidt behind to die was not a choice that Bishop would have made on his own accord, yet he has had to. This is a direct result of his immediate context, which has forced a re-evaluation of his values. The value of trust one that all spies must have, has turned bishop against his personal humanity and has set him to achieve what Is seen as the greater good, to leave Schmidt because he Is less Important. The trust placed In agents to carry out the Nilsson that they are assigned with Is a tepee for agencies to take in process of completing the mission. The agents who are to best that they should or mess it up completely, it is in these times that the value of trust is seen to be most paramount. An example in Tony Scoots Spy game is when Bishop is sent to manipulate the doctor to have the sheik assassinated however he let down Mir and he didn’t get there in time so Mir had sent in a suicide bomber to blow the apartment building. Bishop had played on Emir’s trust and let him down, after the explosion Bishop asks Mir if he’s happy with the outcome â€Å"Seventy four casualties and an entire apartment block leveled, one dead terrorist. Yeah IM happy’ is the reply from Mir. In this statement we can see the stark contrast in perspectives of success and the values required in order to obtain this success. Seventy four casualties for one terrorist is a high price to pay, but it shows that Mir is more about getting the Job done, and working for the greater good as he believes that their sacrifice is better than one terrorist living. Mir throughout the book is a representation of freedom pictured almost always with the American flag which is a presentation of the values upheld by the county and the values that he upholds within himself driving him to become better as a spy, the flag is a symbol of the trust placed in him by his superiors working in the CIA and other government organizations it is because of this trust and expectation that Mir pursues his missions to the fullest extend as he is not a person to those who trust in him down. George Smiley on the other hand, an old school spy born and raised in a democratic society. Stuck in his ways as a spy is more wary about who to trust. Smiley is enraged with the circus or MUM for breaking their promise to protect Vladimir. This trust that Smiley had placed in MUM, much like that of Mir in Bishop, is broken. Smiley must now take matters into his own hands not sure who to trust but close friends. To find the truth is what fuels Smiley search for the mystery behind the death of his old friend Vladimir. Smiley is a perfect representation of a mans internal struggle of conflicting values, and he must overcome the conflict to get to the bottom of the case an bring down Karl. The conflicting values is depicted in the quote â€Å"Wrestling with troubled dreams†. Smiley eventually through internal conflicts of morals and values rings down Karl. Smiley disregards this as a victory as he had compromised values precious to him, he sees the victory as double edged the fact he caught his man but had to give up who he is to do this his views on the sanctity of human life differ from those of Mir, Smiley is seen throughout the novel to try and save people like Castrato’s and not to let them die. His use of manipulation and deceit was what had allowed him to get the information he needed, but has left him feeling dejected that his morals and values have become irrelevant in order to achieve the greater good. Deception is the way of the spy and most of them have used methods of this nature to obtain information and as a way of being able to use people we see this in the interview â€Å"Elliot deceived by Kim Philly’ Elliot was one of Philips friends inside MUM and the trust that he showed in Philly was the weak link in the relationship. Although some spies might consider the morals behind their actions on the other end of the scale there are those that don’t have moral and will use trust for their own gain and take advantage of those closest to them. These are the people that totally n the novel Smiley People would be something along the lines of a evil master mind set to take smiley out at all costs. Karl however isn’t, he has mixed his personal with professional because of the love for his daughter. Trust in the spy world is complicated due to the fact that everything is to be kept secret from each other, so how are you supposed to trust someone whilst they aren’t telling you everything that they know. This is where trust comes into play, to be able to trust someone and their Judgment of what is right whilst figuring out for themselves what their values and morals say is right is what the fullest extend of the rust in the world of espionage. Trust in the spy world isn’t at a constant in different contexts, situations, different people and agents will all see trust in a different light, and of different importance. Trust is what keeps agents alive to able to trust yourself at any time to do what is best for those around you and to trust those around you that they have your back. Yet there is no difference in those fighting and working for the greater good and those working against trust is recognized as a necessity and a value needed to be able to compete in the spy game. How to cite Smileys people, spy game, Papers

Online Advertising an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Online Advertising Introduction The criteria for study is divided in to various sub sets and various methodologies are adopted to make an accurate study relating the topic. The first step is to analyse the visual appeal of both the banners and the way in which they are positioned in the web page. The next step is to analyse the content part, ie: the concept that is being explained though the banners and their efficiency in attracting the attention of a site viewer. Stress is also given to the evaluation and study of the Banner size and its positioning in the web page. Need essay sample on "Online Advertising" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed As per the conventional theories on communication the Z rule for hot spots is applicable to web pages as well. The rule emphasises the point that a viewer of a website or the reader of a newspaper is inclined to view the page in a pattern resembling the letter Z. The hottest point is the top left corner, then he moves on to the right, then to the bottom left and ultimately to the bottom right corner. This theory can also be applied while analysing and the efficiency of the Advertisement banners placed in the site can be analysed. Here the case study offers an opportunity to find out the efficiency of Advertisement campaigns in webpages and helps to understand the most suitable and appropriate positioning of the Ad panels. The scope of the study is that it is equally beneficial for both the advertiser and the advertised as it helps both the parties to improve the quality of the service that they are offering. Briefly analyse the First case study In case of the first Website Advertisements are placed on the top right and bottom positions of the web page. There are interactive ads and snippets which give the viewer a glossy feel. Also the advertisement banners are positioned in an attractive and eye catching way. The services provided here is mostly women related facilities like subscribing womens magazines cosmetic items and relating horoscope and foreign trip planning. All the ad banners are positioned in an attractive way and perfectly matches the content of the site. The colour scheme is also selected accordingly. An important problem that can be noticed is that there is a little bit of horizontal scroll for the page. As a result the ads placed at the right side of the page is not visible immediately. The viewer has to scroll in order to view the advertisement. Ad positioning For any advertisement campaign to work efficiently, the primary factor is that, the advertisements should be positioned in such a way that it is clearly visible and the target audience easily notices the advertisement. In the first case the advertisement banners are effectively positioned in sync with the page content. To start with our analysis, we can first verify the positioning of Advertisements in the web page. As said earlier, the Ads are concentrated to the top, right and bottom of the pages. Also there are variety in advertisements like the one placed towards the right, in which when the mouse is placed over the Advertisement banner, then the copy of the advertisement appears. This type of a creative advertisement seems to be extremely useful in generating feminine curiosity. Now when we analyse the advertisement using the Z theory of visual focus point, it is clear that the ad page caters to a very high extend based on the theory. Ad design and colour schemes The advertisements are in perfect match with the page content thus identifying them as part of the page itself. The tint of pink and green colour user is very much effective in this respect. The top strip of the page is black and hence it provides a perfect background for any colour for the advertisements. As per theories the colour schemes of the advertisement should not contrast the basic colour scheme of the aver all page. This is taken care about and is effectively done. Formats of advertisements It has been noted that there are normally three file formats for banner advertisements in websites. The first one is JPEG format (image), GIF format (animated images) and flash format (.SWF) format. In the first website, we have flash advertisement used very effectively at the right side of the page. The effectiveness of the ad is that, normally it occupies less space and when the mouse comes over the ad panel, then the advertisement is expanded and occupies more space. This kind of an animation is very effective to evoke curiosity among the viewers. The colour scheme of the advertisement is also in perfect match with the page contents. Subject dealt with in the Advertisements Being a website for women, it is expected to have women related goods and services being advertised in the site. Here an analysis based on this respect will prove to be effective. In the first web site, there are ads relating to dating, womens cosmetic items as well as other amenities of general human interest. Briefly analyse the second case study In the Second website, the ads are placed at the top, in the left side and at the bottom of the page. Many of the advertisements are relating to women but there are also ads relating to financial organizations like IG vaisya. On the right side of the page we find big banner advertisements, whereas towards the left side of the page there are small button Ads. Ad Positioning Studying the positioning of the Advertisement, it is obvious that there is lack of clarity when compared to the first website. Advertisements are spread all over and there is a messed up feeling altogether. Here Ad Positioning is not much taken care of. Also the positioning is not in the hotspots of the page. There is also an empty feeling at the top strip portion of the page. There is scope of a colourful advertisement side by side with the top strip and the unavailability of such an ad creates a void there. The most important fact relating Ads placed towards the right side of the page is that, they are not even seen in 600 X 800 screen resolution. This means most of the visitors (at least some) skip even seeing these advertisements. This is a highly negative aspect and when contrasting this with the former website here it is clear that the right side ad panel is a total failure. The basic purpose of an advertisement is to attract the attention of the viewer. If the ad itself is not viewed what is the purpose of placing an ad? Design and colour schemes The design and colour schemes of the ad is in perfect union with the main content of the site. The design is more or less simple and the colour is perfectly matching. There are a few ad links at the bottom of the page, which gives the site a directory look. There are also beneficial when we consider the website as an exclusive womens web site. The links placed towards the left side is having an identity of their own. Though most of them are having contrasting visual elements there is an eye catching aspect in every ad and is very important for banner advertisements. Formats of advertisements As said earlier Ads are of three basic formats. In the second website not even a single gif ad is present. All ads are in JPEG format. Ie: they are all non animated images. There is only one flash ad at the top right of the page. This reduces liveliness of the website and make the ads feel dull. Especially considering the fact that the website is for women which mostly includes teen age girls and women mostly of a young age group, it is always wise to use much more glossy and attractive advertisements. Subject dealt with in the Advertisements This is most crucial as this is a women related site . Here in the second web site, almost all ads are on women interest and there are a few general interest topics. Women related topics like beauty aids, dating, love life advisers etc are displayed. Also a few offers to sign up for magazines are also present. All the advertisements are more or less communicative and the services offered are identifiable except for a few advertisements. Also the arrangement of advertisements and page content is in such a way that the viewer is easily confused about which one is the page content and which one is an advertisement. So it can be concluded that ads are placed here in a cunning way from a viewers point of view. Conclusion - Compare and contrast the two case studies To conclude with, after closely examining various factors dealt with in detail like, Ad positioning, Ad design and colour schemes, Formats of advertisements, Subject dealt with in the Advertisements in the two websites that are being examined, we have reached the following findings. The first website is more specific in terms of Ad positioning and effectiveness of Ad banners The position of advertisements and the selection of hot spots is much more accurate in the first advertisement File format selection is also better in the case of the first website as they could also manage the available space by using tricky flash animation as contrasted with the later website. Use of animations and movements to make the website feel more lively is also successfully accomplished by the first website. Both the website is having horizontal scroll when viewed in 600 X 800 screen resolution which should be rectified for effective ad display. When considered as a website for women , both websites have taken care to use light and fruity colours that are in sync with the feminine nature. Bibliography Thomas C. O'Guinn, Chris T. Allen, Richard J. Semenik, Advertising and integrated brand promotion Published by Thomson South-Western Arie den Boon, Webvertising, Published by Kluwer Scn Education B. V, 'Webvertising: The Ultimate Internet Advertising Guide', Published by Springer David W. Schumann , Esther Thorson , Esther Thorson, 'Internet Advertising: Theory and Research', Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.